@article { author = {karimi moshaver, mehrdad}, title = {Relation Between Learning Styles and Student Performance in Architecture Design Studios}, journal = {The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar}, volume = {9}, number = {20}, pages = {3-12}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)}, issn = {1735-9635}, eissn = {2251-7197}, doi = {}, abstract = {The nature of learners’ understanding is one of the most important factors that have a significant influence on the construction of architectural design studios.  Based on prominent theories of learning, it is necessary to take learners into account to have maximum results in any educational setting to which architectural design studios are no exception. Accordingly, the needs and personal characteristics of learners have particularly come into focus by educational theorists over the past decades.  One such personal characteristic is the learning style which exhibits the learning preferences of the individuals. Learning styles are generally categorized into three groups of cognitive, emotional and physiological. The present article tries to go into details about the cognitive learning style which was initiated by David Kolb and its implications for the students of architecture. The cognitive learning style has four subcategories which are converging, diverging, assimilating, and accommodating.    In order to study the performance of students with regards to the learning styles, the present article first highlights the learning styles of students of architecture and then compares their performance in two different studio activities i.e. designing and sketching. With regards to the first activity type, the students were evaluated based on a long-term designing exercise which involved designing the library setting for the College of Arts and Architecture of Bou Ali Sina University of Hamedan. With regards to the second activity type, the students were evaluated based on their performance in six one-day sketching exercises that were held once a week throughout the semester.  Accordingly, the results of the evaluations in the two studio activity types and their connection to student learning styles were studied.      The present research determines the differences between the performance of students in architectural designing – which is a long-term activity – and sketching – which is a short-term activity.  The results also helped the degree of weakness and success of students in each of the activities.  Therefore, the research identified which learning style can lead to maximum desirable results in which studio activity type and which style to the same effect is prone to prove a failure. It is expected that the results of the present research would help overcome the potential weaknesses in different learning styles of students through an efficient training program.    The results of the research showed that students with the diverging learning style had the best performance and students with the converging learning style had the weakest performance with regards to designing and sketching activities.  Also, the research showed that students with assimilating and accommodating learning styles had different performances in the two studio activity types. Students with assimilating learning style had a better performance in sketching activities while accommodating students were better in designing classes.     The differences between the performance of assimilating students in designing and sketching activities show that those students were better at sketching. This may be an indication that assimilating students can have a better performance in activities that are repeated.  As a result, they can improve their performance over a certain type of activity through repetition.     This could not be the same for accommodating students because they prefer not to be engaged in a chain of activities which are about a single theme. Therefore, repetition will not work for them as it did for assimilating students and accordingly they will have a poor performance over activities such as sketching.  }, keywords = {Architectural Design,Learning Styles,Assimilating Learning Style,Accommodating Learning Style,Diverging Learning Style,Converging Learning Style}, title_fa = {رابطه سبک‌های یادگیری و عملکرد دانشجویان در کارگاه طراحی معماری}, abstract_fa = {شناخت دانشجویان یکی از عوامل مهم و مؤثر بر آموزش در کارگاه‌های معماری است. جهت کسب نتایج بهتر بر اساس آموزش و پرورش شناختی، در کارگاه‌های طراحی نیاز است تا به یادگیرندگان نیز در فرایند آموزش توجه شود.   بر همین اساس؛ روان‌شناسان علوم تربیتی سعی در شناخت یادگیرندگان بر اساس ویژگی‌های شخصی کرده‌اند. یکی از این ویژگی‌ها، سبک‌های یادگیری است که ترجیحات یادگیری هر شخص را بیان می‌کند.    این نوشتار نیز سعی دارد بر اساس یکی از انواع تقسیم‌بندی‌ سبک‌های یادگیری که متعلق به «دیوید کلب» است و چهار سبک یادگیری واگرا، همگرا، انطباق‌یابندهو جذب‌کنندهرا مطرح می‌کند، به بررسی عملکرد دانشجویان معماری در کارگاه طراحی بپردازد.   برای بررسی رابطه عملکرد دانشجویان با سبک‌های یادگیری، ابتدا بر اساس سیاهه سبک‌های یادگیری کلب به چگونگی توزیع دانشجویان معماری در سبک‌های یادگیری پرداخته می‌شود و سپس عملکرد دانشجویان در دو بخش فعالیت‌های کارگاهی، شامل طراحی و اسکیس‌ها مورد بررسی و مقایسه تطبیقی قرار می‌گیرد.   نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که دانشجویان با سبک یادگیری واگرا، دارای بهترین عملکرد و دانشجویان همگرا دارای ضعیف‌ترین عملکرد در کارگاه طراحی معماری هستند. همچنین مشخص شد؛ تأثیرات آموزشی برنامه اسکیس در دانشجویان جذب‌کننده و طراحی بلندمدت در دانشجویان انطباق‌یابنده از تأثیر بیشتری برخوردار است.}, keywords_fa = {واژگان کلیدی : آموزش طراحی معماری,سبک یادگیری واگرا,سبک یادگیری همگرا,سبک یادگیری جذب‌کننده,سبک یادگیری انطباق یابنده}, url = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1172.html}, eprint = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1172_3b35310b6a9aa954b6dccf42a8a9243c.pdf} } @article { author = {alipour, roja and khademi, masoud and Senemari, Mohamad Mahdi and rafieyan, mojtaba}, title = {Surveying Environment Quality Indicators in Detection of Interfering Priorities in the Deteriorated Fabric of Bandar Lengeh city}, journal = {The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar}, volume = {9}, number = {20}, pages = {13-22}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)}, issn = {1735-9635}, eissn = {2251-7197}, doi = {}, abstract = {The rate of fatigue in a fabric is not the same in every part of that. Thus, determination of priority for interference after detection of that becomes vital. What is critical is; selection of the best method for inspection of deteriorated fabric for realizing priorities, in order to determine type of interference and based in that decrease rate of fatigue and increase lifetime of urban fabric and its relative spaces. Therefore, if we consider steps for confronting fatigue phenomenon, the first step is detection of deteriorated fabric, second step is determination of priorities in detected deteriorated fabric and the third step is selecting method of interference. The prevalent method that is applied for this object is use of approved criteria of "High Council of Architecture and urban planning of IRAN" . According to this, Urban and vulnerable fabric are divided and defined to smaller sections that called the area of block. It means some areas that each include diverse blocks, composing urban fabric, are evaluated. Therefore, vulnerable fabric are defined based on vulnerable block. Vulnerable block is the one having at least one of the following triplet conditions:   A)    A block having at least 50%. Fatigue buildings, in bad conditions for living for vulnerable. On the other words, a block that at least 50% of its buildings are not strong due to lack of proper structural system and non-observance of technical rules (instability)   B)     A block that at least 50% of its properties have the area less than 200m2 (fineness)   C)  A block that least 50% of its sidewalk width (before amendment) are dead-end or have width of less than 6m or the penetration coefficient of that is less than 30% (non-penetration).    In case of existence of any of the three mentioned main factors in the area or block of urban fabric, that section has confronted fatigue. In the order to prioritize different areas in deteriorated fabric the same criteria are applied. In this way, as much the rate of afore said factors is more in the area or block, that are will be on the priority of proceeding. Now this point is considered that whether in a deteriorated fabric one of the quantitative indicators is hardly found how the areas or blocks can be prioritized and specify the method of interference. If the deteriorated fabric is fine and penetrable despite approvals of High Council, it is physically fatigue and instable how can we prioritize it terms of interference area. Does the difference between deteriorated fabrics cave difference between indicators of measurement?   One of the critical issues in inspection of desirability of urban environments is detection of their quality. This is not a long time that this expression has become prevalent in urban planning literature. A look at existing literature indicates that all efforts are associated with the concept of quality in urban spaces. To the other word, it can be said that qualitative criteria in the mind of experts rises from a kind of mental ideal from Urban spaces that this ideal can be known as an interpretation of sustainability of these spaces as the point of Urban planning objectives.   Despite theoretical importance due to quality crisis that correctly most fabrics and urban spaces in Iran are experiencing, the issue of quality is among basic issues in confrontation with such spaces. The issue of quality is practically among fundamental discussions in confrontation of such spaces. This point becomes essential concer5nilng deteriorated fabric, because this fabric has lost many of its qualitative components or has confronted erosion forming elements of place that this itself results in ruin of a fabric’s life and following that reduction in qualities of surrounding areas. In this way, the effort for achieving sustainable space in deteriorated fabrics becomes more precise by detection and measurement of qualities aspects of those spaces.   Quality of a space in the city is resultant of functional, formal and meaning components. By combination of mentioned components and detection of applications and appropriate effects of each of them on space, strategies can be presented for improving urban space’s quality.   In this research, actions are taken to prepare an appropriate model by categorize of indicators besides approved indicators of "High Council of Architecture and Urban Planning". In order to study qualitative criteria in deteriorated fabric, that finally by measurement and analysis of qualitative indicators the need for promotion or creation of that in the space is observable. In this way, along detection and prioritization of interference areas, each of them can be compared in terms of qualitative criteria and interfering areas, are qualitatively detected by weighing these indicators and sub-criteria and after all the appropriate interference model was suggested proportioned to its specifications. This model is evaluated in the case study of Bandar Lengeh deteriorated fabric in order to specify or inefficiency of qualitative indicators besides approvals of "High Council of Architecture and Urban Planning".}, keywords = {Deteriorated,Qualitative indicators,Interference Priorities,Bandar Lengeh}, title_fa = {بررسی شاخصه‌های کیفیت محیطی در شناسایی اولویت‌های مداخله در محدوده بافت فرسوده شهر بندر لنگه}, abstract_fa = {کیفیت یک فضا در شهر از برآیند مؤلفه‌هایی حاصل می‌شود که با شناسایی کارکردها و تأثیرات مناسب هریک از آنها بر فضا می‌توان راهکارهایی برای بهبود کیفیت فضاهای شهری ارائه داد. در رابطه با بافت‌های فرسوده این امر از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردار است. در این نوع بافت، بسیاری از فضاها دچار فرسایش شده و مؤلفه‌های کیفی آن دچار نقصان است که در طول زمان این مسئله خود موجب از بین رفتن حیات یک بافت و محیط پیرامون آن می‌شود. بنابراین توجه به کیفیات محیطی بافت‌های فرسوده یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل در شناسایی محدوده‌های هدف جهت مداخله در آن خواهد بود. حال سؤال این است که آیا می‌توان روشی جهت شناسایی و تأثیرگذاری شاخص‌های کیفی در محدوده بافت‌های فرسوده ارائه کرد؟ و آیا نتایج این تأثیرگذاری قابل مشاهده خواهد بود؟    به نظر می‌رسد در شناسایی و مداخله در بافت‌های فرسوده شهرهای کشورمان توجهی به شاخص‌های کیفی محیط نشده و پیشینه قابل توجهی از این مباحث در مطالعات بافت‌های فرسوده مشاهده نمی‌شود. به همین دلیل در این مقاله سعی بر آن است تا با مطالعات رئوس مباحث مربوط به کیفیات محیطی و شناسایی چگونگی تأثیرگذاری آن بر شاخص‌های مداخله در بافت‌های فرسوده قدم‌های اولیه در این راه برداشته شود. بنابراین فرض بر این خواهد بود که شاخص‌های کیفی محیط که شامل شاخص عملکردی، تجربی‌ـ زیبایی‌شناختی و شاخص زیست محیطی به عنوان پارامترهای تأثیرگذار آن معرفی می‌شود می‌تواند به عنوان شاخص‌های تأثیرگذار در شناسایی و مداخله در بافت‌های فرسوده مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.   در این مقاله به منظور بررسی معیارهای کیفی در بافت‌های فرسوده، اقدام به تهیه الگویی مناسب با طبقه‌بندی شاخصه‌هایی در کنار شاخصه‌های مصوب شورای عالی معماری و شهرسازی شده است که در نهایت با سنجش و تحلیل هریک از شاخصه‌های کیفی، نیاز به ارتقا یا ایجاد آن در فضا قابل رؤیت شود. به این ترتیب در راستای شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی حوزه‌های مداخله در بافت‌های فرسوده، هریک از این حوزه‌ها را می‌توان از باب معیارهای کیفی قیاس کرده و با وزن‌دهی این شاخص‌ها و زیرمعیارها به روش AHP، حوزه‌های مداخله را شناسایی و گونه مداخله متناسب با ویژگی‌های آن را نیز پیشنهاد کرد. در روند پژوهش، این الگو در نمونه موردی بافت فرسوده بندرلنگه مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌گیرد و اثر مثبت شاخصه‌های کیفی در کنار مصوبات شورای عالی معماری و شهرسازی مشخص می‌شود.}, keywords_fa = {بافت فرسوده,شاخص‌های کیفی,اولویت‌های مداخله,بندرلنگه}, url = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1173.html}, eprint = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1173_8cddeb42ddf59f9600aef92330355a26.pdf} } @article { author = {mousavilar, asraf and eshaghzade torbati, hanie}, title = {Comparative Study on the Fourth Dimension in Persian Painting, Cubism Painting and Its Status in Graphic Design}, journal = {The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar}, volume = {9}, number = {20}, pages = {23-36}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)}, issn = {1735-9635}, eissn = {2251-7197}, doi = {}, abstract = {The present paper has been intended to study the application of the fourth dimension in Persian paintings in the school of Cubism and graphic art particularly in designing signs. As the first step, the researchers embarked on elaborating on it from different artistic views, using related literature, descriptive and analytical methods as well as comparing research findings on its fourth dimension so that its artistic and technical aspects could be analyzed as clearly as possible. Later, the researchers summarized theoretical discussions in a primary conclusion based on which they determine the concept of the fourth dimension and examine its function by way of comparison, first in outstanding Persian paintings, later in Cubism paintings and finally in the section regarding the graphic design. Having done this, the researchers introduced certain examples of statistical universe in the present paper. Moreover, having observed historical samples of paintings, the researchers came to realize the progressive ideas pertaining to the creation of figurative motion in the ancient Iranian works of art. For this reason, the present paper begins with presenting samples of such ancient Iranian illustrations.   The function of the fourth dimension in illustrating figurative spatial aspects with the use of its supernatural nature for the creation of two-dimensional objects helps better understand the non-material abstract qualities. This is just like showing the depth or three-dimensional capturing of different aspects of a subject simultaneously or expressing dynamicity and motion. On this basis, the fourth dimension in this article is considered to be the product of visual qualifications. The fourth dimension in visual arts like many other non-material affairs requires visual skills which in term is a composition of tangible elements of a work of art through which we get an abstract quality.   In conclusion, from the most basic visual elements , such as (dot , line ,…) to the arrangement of complicated forms of things, the application of special and different points of view ; the use of full and empty spaces in order to show different aspects of a sign, or showing narrative scenes in present, future and past tenses of interior and exterior architectural spaces and surrounding environment in paintings are all simultaneously let to a meaningful composition in such a way that it would be possible to reach the fourth dimension by imagining the motion through bi-dimensional space.   According to the findings of the research, the authors have observed the creation of works with similarities and differences in the application of fourth dimension as the period of time in Persian Painting and Cubism painting as if the observer's eye or the creative brush of illustrator has the ability to simultaneously draw his pictures in a multi-space atmosphere from various aspects. The fourth dimension in illustration is captivating the same parallel moments, which views several scenes from different angles simultaneously. This applies to the cubist painters who allow the audience to create a new-visual school of painting by browsing in its surroundings, integrating viewpoints and mixing these visual dimensions. Regarding the characteristics of the fourth dimension, modern atmospheres may also be required as well as contemporary graphic sign designs. In designing signs, we also witness multi-dimensional views.   All in all, perhaps what can also be illustrated in this paper is the optimal black and white spaces together with a multi-dimensional look at the stage, incorporating different aspects of observing and as a result obtaining the true concept of the fourth dimension which means in other words “capturing time”.}, keywords = {Cubism,Fourth Dimension,Graphics,Persian Painting,Sign Design}, title_fa = {مطالعه تطبیقی بُعد چهارم در نگارگری، نقاشی کوبیسم و طراحی نشانه}, abstract_fa = {کیفیت یک فضا در شهر از برآیند مؤلفه‌هایی حاصل می‌شود که با شناسایی کارکردها و تأثیرات مناسب هریک از آنها بر فضا می‌توان راهکارهایی برای بهبود کیفیت فضاهای شهری ارائه داد. در رابطه با بافت‌های فرسوده این امر از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردار است. در این نوع بافت، بسیاری از فضاها دچار فرسایش شده و مؤلفه‌های کیفی آن دچار نقصان است که در طول زمان این مسئله خود موجب از بین رفتن حیات یک بافت و محیط پیرامون آن می‌شود. بنابراین توجه به کیفیات محیطی بافت‌های فرسوده یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل در شناسایی محدوده‌های هدف جهت مداخله در آن خواهد بود. حال سؤال این است که آیا می‌توان روشی جهت شناسایی و تأثیرگذاری شاخص‌های کیفی در محدوده بافت‌های فرسوده ارائه کرد؟ و آیا نتایج این تأثیرگذاری قابل مشاهده خواهد بود؟    به نظر می‌رسد در شناسایی و مداخله در بافت‌های فرسوده شهرهای کشورمان توجهی به شاخص‌های کیفی محیط نشده و پیشینه قابل توجهی از این مباحث در مطالعات بافت‌های فرسوده مشاهده نمی‌شود. به همین دلیل در این مقاله سعی بر آن است تا با مطالعات رئوس مباحث مربوط به کیفیات محیطی و شناسایی چگونگی تأثیرگذاری آن بر شاخص‌های مداخله در بافت‌های فرسوده قدم‌های اولیه در این راه برداشته شود. بنابراین فرض بر این خواهد بود که شاخص‌های کیفی محیط که شامل شاخص عملکردی، تجربی‌ـ زیبایی‌شناختی و شاخص زیست محیطی به عنوان پارامترهای تأثیرگذار آن معرفی می‌شود می‌تواند به عنوان شاخص‌های تأثیرگذار در شناسایی و مداخله در بافت‌های فرسوده مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.   در این مقاله به منظور بررسی معیارهای کیفی در بافت‌های فرسوده، اقدام به تهیه الگویی مناسب با طبقه‌بندی شاخصه‌هایی در کنار شاخصه‌های مصوب شورای عالی معماری و شهرسازی شده است که در نهایت با سنجش و تحلیل هریک از شاخصه‌های کیفی، نیاز به ارتقا یا ایجاد آن در فضا قابل رؤیت شود. به این ترتیب در راستای شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی حوزه‌های مداخله در بافت‌های فرسوده، هریک از این حوزه‌ها را می‌توان از باب معیارهای کیفی قیاس کرده و با وزن‌دهی این شاخص‌ها و زیرمعیارها به روش AHP، حوزه‌های مداخله را شناسایی و گونه مداخله متناسب با ویژگی‌های آن را نیز پیشنهاد کرد. در روند پژوهش، این الگو در نمونه موردی بافت فرسوده بندرلنگه مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌گیرد و اثر مثبت شاخصه‌های کیفی در کنار مصوبات شورای عالی معماری و شهرسازی مشخص می‌شود}, keywords_fa = {بُعد چهارم,حرکت,زمان,طراحی نشانه,کوبیسم,گرافیک,نگارگری}, url = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1174.html}, eprint = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1174_fd1236989a63f659f57eb6804432ffa7.pdf} } @article { author = {qodusifar, hadi and habib, farah and shahbazi, mahtiam}, title = {Sophia Perennis and Nature Place in Ideology and Temples Architecture of Religious}, journal = {The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar}, volume = {9}, number = {20}, pages = {37-50}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)}, issn = {1735-9635}, eissn = {2251-7197}, doi = {}, abstract = {Religions were raised as the dominant elements in ideology and cultural manner of society in traditional world and had profound impact in shaping and developing of arts. Since the emergence of arts and religions, a deep relation between them can be identified. In fact, in the traditional world, all aspects of arts were affected by religions, and religions  had always used arts to promote their beliefs; and architecture is not exception of this rule. In fact, regarding to the architecture role in temples construction as a place for worship, it has had very important place between the arts which are related with religions.   Regarding to the different religions In the traditional world, although there are differences between different religions, but we can recognize some fundamental similarities between them on some of the basic cases. Some similarities between religions due to some philosophers discuss the issue which is titled "Sophia Pernnis" or "Pernnial Philosophy". Perennial philosophy is the philosophical concept, which states that each of the world’s religious traditions shares a single truth. Perennial philosophy asserts that there is a single divine foundation of all religious knowledge, referred to as the universal truth. Each world religion, independent of its cultural or historical context, is simply a different interpretation of this knowledge. Sophia Pernnis discusses about similarities between some aspects of deferent religions and the Nature is one of the most important cases of these issues.   Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical world, or material world. "Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. Nature is the phenomena of the physical world collectively, including plants, animals, the landscape, and other features and products of the earth, as opposed to humans or human creations. Regarding to the religions, it ranges in scale from the nature elements to the cosmic.   On the other hand, nature has had an important place in the beliefs of different religions, although it has been sacred in many religions despite the similarities which are in their ideology, its place has changed from an element that is God or a part of God to devil status. However, there are common elements of nature in shaping the temple architecture of different religions in traditional world and issues such as holy mountain, holy light and holy water are the most important examples of these cases. this research studies the role of these elements in temples architecture of different religions.   The main hypothesis of this study is that, as there is "Sophia Pernnis" in the philosophy of the religions, there are some similarities in the temples architecture which can be cited as "Sophia Perennis" in temples architecture. These article will examine these hypothesis regarding to the nature elements in different religions. Regarding to these issues, the article studies different religions beliefs (including Hindus, Buddhists, Ancient Greeks and Egyptians religions, Christianity and Islam) about the nature and its elements, and then studies the effect of their beliefs about the nature on their temple architecture.   In this context, this research seeks to answer the following questions:   What are the "Nature" places in different religions beliefs?   Are there any similarities in the religious beliefs about the place of the nature?   Have different religious insights about the nature caused effective differences in religions architecture?   What common issues are there in relation with the nature in different religions temples architecture?   Is Sophia Perennis expandable to the field of religious art and architecture?   The study finds that, as we can identified similarities between of all religious beliefs, regarding  to the nature, there are some fundamental similarities between religions temple architecture. So the meaning of "Pernnial Philosophy" or "Sophia Pernnis" can be extended to the architecture of religious temples and the meaning of "Sophia Pernnis" can be used in the field of arts and architecture.   The research methodology of this paper, is based on qualitative research and research methods are analytic and interpretation-historical. The research regarding to its application is a fundamental research and regarding to its data gathering method is a library research. Data collection tools and methods of this paper are documents, papers, book chapters and architecture maps and illustrations. Data analysis methods are deductive and inductive reasoning.        }, keywords = {Sophia Perennis,nature,temple architecture,Religion}, title_fa = {حکمت خالده و جایگاه طبیعت در جهان‌بینی و معماری معابد ادیان مختلف}, abstract_fa = {ادیان در جهان سنتی به عنوان عنصر غالب در تعیین خط فکری و آداب و منش‌های جوامع مطرح بوده و در شکل‌گیری و نحوة گسترش هنرها تأثیری ژرف داشته‌ به طوری که در جهان سنتی، دین با فلسفة زندگی و هنرها همزاد و همراه است.   طبیعت عنصری حائز اهمیت در ادیان و واجد جایگاهی متفاوت در ایدئولوژی‌ها بوده است، به طوری که در جهان‌بینی جوامع سنتی علی‌رغم تشابهاتی که در آنها دیده می‌شود، جایگاه طبیعت از عنصری که خود خداوند یا جزئی از خداوند به شمار می‌رفته تا عنصری شرّ و جایگاه زندگی شیطان متغیر بوده است. با این‌همه وجود عناصر مشترک طبیعت در شکل‌دهی به معماری به عنوان شاخه‌ای از هنرها که بیشترین قرابت با محیط و طبیعت را دارد، می‌تواند متأثر از ایدئولوژی‌هایی باشد که در ادیان با عنوان "حکمت خالده" مطرح است.   در این راستا پژوهش درصدد پاسخگویی به سؤالات زیر است:   آیا بینش‌های دینی متفاوت در مورد طبیعت باعث تفاوت‌هایی تأثیرگذار در معماری ادیان شده است؟   چه مباحث و عناصر مشترکی در ارتباط با طبیعت در معماری معابد ادیان مختلف وجود دارد؟   آیا حکمت خالده یا جاویدان خرد در حوزه آثار هنری مرتبط با ادیان، به ویژه معماری قابل گسترش است؟   روش پژوهش، تحلیلی و تفسیری- تاریخی است. ابزار و روش‌های گردآوری اطلاعات اسنادی، کتابخانه‌ای، تهیه فیش، نقشه‌ها و نمونه‌های آثار معماری هستند. روش تجزیه اطلاعات نیز استدلال قیاسی و استدلال استقرایی (استنتاجی) است.}, keywords_fa = {معماری,دین,حکمت خالده,معبد,طبیعت,ادراک شهودی}, url = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1175.html}, eprint = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1175_b1843536e54c4c6b4ad62b984426d9c5.pdf} } @article { author = {kiani, akbar and esmaeel zade kovaki, ali}, title = {Analysis and Planning "Child-Friendly City" (CFC) from the perspective of children (Case study: Quchan)}, journal = {The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar}, volume = {9}, number = {20}, pages = {51-62}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)}, issn = {1735-9635}, eissn = {2251-7197}, doi = {}, abstract = {Research in the field of child friendly cities, especially in Europe, from 1980 onwards was considered. Much of these researches are about to allocation the right of citizenship to children and reaching to their demands and needs. The "Child-Friendly City" (CFC) has been considered by planners, urban affairs, and the world's population of children in urban areas (cities in developing countries) are on the rise. The purpose of recent paper is give participation opportunities to children in making their environment and discussion theirs ideas. Child-Friendly Cities" project is mainly to create opportunities for children in order to shape or change their environment. Children and young people as community members with a set of specific needs, users are artificial environments.       Research history   In recent years in developed countries has been done many studies about CFC. For first time in 2007 year Bendigo city known as first CFC by UNICEF, a city that specification all aspects of children right to it. In this city look at children rights as basic priority. In Iran this conception hasn’t very long age. Maybe can say for first time after Bam earthquake Unicef organization with corporation other institution`s for purpose of access to collective participation define it. In this project participate 6 to 13 years old children and offer their commends with different ways. Also by research institute of world children, Evaz city in Fars province chosen as CFC in Iran in 2000 [Esmaeilzadeh Kawaki, 2011, 146].   Shiyeh for first time in Iran write a book entitle "Prepare city for children's" in field of suitable urban spaces for children's that consider how to deal with children's also hint to their needs. As the meanest social groups in city of Tehran and also how city must provide the needs of children's and what are the exceptions of children from urban.       Methodology   The methodology is base on descriptive – analytical and also based on Liberian studies and fields surveys. Using group conversation methodology and participation way rewired on children's idea's about Quchan and their live hood environments. Also using a goal group to access exact results about visuals of CFC.   This paper tries to access answer of this question that of children's view, what is their suitable city?   This question rise of this assumption that base on existing views about CFC can with children's participation design their suitable city that is extract of suitable children city parameters. For answer to this question in Quchan city with using control analysis and group – conversation way's, with obtained material's such questionnaire, painting and interview. In this research use s goal group so that can gathering more characterizes about desired features in design CFC by children's. Group studied in this research chosen 40 persons between third, fourth and fifth levels of Meraji elementary school in Quchan randomly. In discussion group way was considered interview and engage of target groups. Instead of increasing number of tested peoples, access to exact result's with a goal group. In order to compatible our consumption with children's idea, more has been ideas that had more common visuals with children's idea.       Results   Study of Quchan show that Quchan is in the first levels of CFC. 64 percent of children's believe that so many trees, green space and children's game equipment must be install in their sectors and with present different idea's raised the necessity of consider to children participation in children environment plan and design.   Analysis of results to realization of CFC encourages positive organizations and municipality to take administrative and operational strategies. Most of children are in their painting's design a sector with suitable green space and open space and without pollution. Also most of children's design an immunity and safer environment in their paintings that show their unsuitable and un immunity content environments. Also they designed a city pattern that in it there is a special place for children's cinema. To show movies in children deserve. In questionnaire result's, only 32% go to school on foot, 46% with visual services and other's take this destination with their parent car's which this is very disturbing Issue because their parents or children's prefer going to school with services and their parent's car instead on foot going to school .   Results of Quchan city reveals more dimensions and wider context of subject which show must taking more attention to subject and scientific and administrative project's about CFC. Studies show, organization's which related to subject in levels (such UNICEF) and Iran level (intellectual development of children's had been some activity about CFC which it's a positive work to expanded of goals and ideas of CFC. But in Iran in general there isn't any specific action plan to implementing CFC in cities surfaces and visual in Quchan by effective organization such municipality. In order to can say that Iranian cities and Quchan are in elementary level of CFC.     }, keywords = {Child-Friendly City" (CFC),Children's participation,Quchan}, title_fa = {تحلیل و برنامه¬ریزی «شهر دوستدار کودک» (CFC) از دیدگاه کودکان}, abstract_fa = {      تحقیق در حوزه شهرهای دوستدار کودک، به ویژه در اروپا، از سال‌های 1980 به بعد مورد توجه قرار گرفت. عمده این تحقیقات در راستای تخصیص حق شهروندی به بچه‌ها و رسیدگی به خواسته‌ها و نیازهای آنها بود. امروزه «شهر دوستدار کودک1» CFC)) مورد توجه برنامه‌ریزان و دست‌اندرکاران امور شهری قرار گرفته است، چرا که تعداد جمعیت کودکان مناطق شهری جهان (شهرهای کشورهای در حال توسعه) در حال افزایش هستند. پروژه‌های شهر دوستدار کودک به طور عمده ایجاد فرصتی برای کودکان در راستای شکل دادن و یا تغییر محیط پیرامونشان است. کودکان و نوجوانان به عنوان اعضای جامعه با مجموعه‌ای از خواسته‌ها و نیازهای خاص، استفاده‌کنندگان محیط ساختگی هستند. هدف مقاله حاضر، مشارکت کودکان در ایجاد محیط ساخته شده اطرافشان و در نتیجه تحلیل نظراتشان است. روش تحقیق، توصیفی - تحلیلی و مبتنی بر مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، اسنادی و بررسی‌های میدانی است. با استفاده از متدولوژی گروه- بحث و روش‌ مشارکتی، نظرات و نقاشی‌های کودکان در ارتباط با وضعیت شهر قوچان و محیط زندگی‌شان جمع‌آوری و تحلیل شد. همچنین از یک گروه هدف به منظور استخراج نظرات دقیق‌تر در ارتباط با ویژگی‌های مورد نظر شهر دوستدار کودک جهت برنامه‌ریزی شهری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد، اولین بار در سال 2007 میلادی «شهر بندیگو2» در استرالیا از طرف یونیسف به عنوان «شهر دوستدار کودک» و اولین شهری که تمام جنبه‌ها و ویژگی‌های یک شهر دوستدار کودک را از نظر یونیسف به خود اختصاص داده بود، معرفی و به رسمیت شناخته شد. «شهر اوز3» در استان فارس برای اولین بار در ایران، به عنوان «شهر دوستدار کودک» در سال 1389 انتخاب شده است. مطالعه موردی شهر قوچان نشان می‌دهد، قوچان گام‌های نخستین را جهت تحقق شهر دوستدار کودک طی می‌کنند؛ 64 درصد کودکان معتقد بودند تعداد زیادی درخت و فضای سبز و وسایل بازی مخصوص کودکان در محله خود ایجاد شود و با ارایه نظرات مختلف ضرورت توجه به مشارکت کودکاندرارتباطباموضوعطراحی و برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌های دوستدار کودک را در شهر قوچان مطرح کرده‌اند. تحلیل نظرات کودکان شهر قوچان به منظور تحقق «شهر دوستدار کودک»، سازمان‌های مؤثر و به ویژه شهرداری قوچان را به اتخاذ راهبردهای اجرایی و عملیاتی بیشتر تشویق می‌کند.}, keywords_fa = {شهر دوستدار کودک,مشارکت کودکان,قوچان}, url = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1176.html}, eprint = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1176_28b87666573e9e562fc6ca1ce6e9b4a7.pdf} } @article { author = {hashemnezhad, hashem and behzadfar, mostafa and saleh sedghpour, bahram and seyedian, seyedali}, title = {construction, validity and validated of questionnaire of design role for peoples participation in ragenerating derelictand and ineficient texture in Iran.}, journal = {The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar}, volume = {9}, number = {20}, pages = {63-72}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)}, issn = {1735-9635}, eissn = {2251-7197}, doi = {}, abstract = {The construction, validity and validated of questionnaire of design role for peoples participation in ragenerating derelictand and ineficient texture is the aim of this article based on interviews with experts and professors at Tehran University and extract their views were provided.   With cluster random sampling method, sample of 210 people from the neighborhood residents Cyrus Tehran were elected and questionnaire was carried out on them. Then questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS.    Methods used were included item analysis (coefficient of clean and loop method), content validity and construct validity (factor analysis) and validity (Cronbach's alpha coefficients calculated for the entire questionnaire and operating). The results of factor analysis identified 11 factors that included: public participation in the preparation and construction, the passages, integration components for renewal, retain valuable spaces, priority traffic, the need for change and renewal, renewal by the government, creating integrated services, creating Services wisdom, strength and beauty of construction materials . Validity of this questionnaire is respected by calculating Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.961.by Considering the results of this study one can said that this questionnaire has good reliability and validity then it can made an appropriate way to measure place in contemporary Iran worn tissues by factor analysis.   By other word ,with People comment on the operating model design introduced in this study one can measure the rate of people agreement and ultimately the success of the popular contemporary building .    }, keywords = {Validity,validated,questionnaire of design role,regenerating,derelictand and ineficient texture}, title_fa = {ساخت، اعتباریابی و رواسازی پرسشنامه نقش طراحی به منظور جلب مشارکت مردمی در فرایند معاصرسازی بافتهای فرسوده ایران}, abstract_fa = { مطالعه حاضر با هدف ساخت، اعتباریابی و رواسازی پرسشنامه جایگاه طراحی در معاصرسازی بافت‌های فرسوده ایران بر اساس مصاحبه با اساتید دانشگاه‌های تهران و متخصصین و استخراج نظرات آنان تهیه شد. با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای، نمونه 210 نفری از اهالی محله سیروس تهران انتخاب و پرسشنامه روی آنان اجرا شد. پرسشنامه‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS تحلیل شد. روش‌های به کار رفته شامل تحلیل گویه‌ها (ضریب تمیز و روش لوپ)، روایی محتوا و روایی سازه (تحلیل عاملی) و اعتباریابی (محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای کل پرسشنامه و عامل‌ها) بودند. در نتایج تحلیل عاملی 11 عامل شناسایی شد که عبارتند است از : مشارکت مردم در تهیه و ساخت، شکل معابر، تجمیع قطعات برای نوسازی، حفظ فضاهای ارزشمند، اولویت عبور و مرور، لزوم تغییر و نوسازی، نوسازی توسط دولت، ایجاد خدمات منسجم، ایجاد خدمات خرد، استحکام مصالح و زیبایی ساخت. اعتبار این پرسشنامه از طریق محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ 961/0به دست آمد. با در نظرگرفتن نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان گفت این پرسشنامه از اعتبار و روایی مناسبی برخوردار است و عوامل به دست آمده از تحلیل عاملی می‌تواند جایگاه طراحی در معاصرسازی بافت‌های فرسوده ایران را به گونه مناسب اندازه‌گیری کنند و یا به عبارتی با دریافت نظرات مردم در الگوی طراحی با عامل‌های معرفی شده در این پژوهش میزان موافقت مردمی و در نهایت موفقیت معاصرسازی را سنجش کرد}, keywords_fa = {اعتباریابی,رواسازی,پرسشنامه جایگاه طراحی,معاصرسازی,بافتهای فرسوده}, url = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1177.html}, eprint = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1177_6dc1e259889610caa0202522f927ab5a.pdf} } @article { author = {mahmoody, mahnaz and pakari, neda and bahrami, hasan}, title = {The effect of green roof on reducing environment temperature}, journal = {The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar}, volume = {9}, number = {20}, pages = {73-82}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture and Urbanism (NRC)}, issn = {1735-9635}, eissn = {2251-7197}, doi = {}, abstract = {Green roof is a roof that covers much or all of that with vegetation and soil, or covered with vegetative medium. Chlorophyll creation had a positive impact on the space roof of city and regional climate and indoor air of building have been on it and role in air cool space by preventing of solar radiation. This air cooling made by reducing thermal fluctuations on the outdoor roof and increasing roof heat capacity that keep cool which takes place under the roof space in summer and increase heating rate in winter.   Reducing energy consumption is one of the major concerns for sustainability in cities. Creating roof garden suggested as one of the ways to reduce energy consumption in major cities. Roof garden or green roof if properly designed and implemented and that climate considerations should be considered in addition to various benefits can greatly help to reduce energy consumption.   Change buildings roofs to green space improve exchange of air between areas of high building density and open spaces between them, and adjust the city's air moisture. This technology advantages including less charges of heating and cooling, air purify, noise pollution reduction, and the most important one energy consumption reductions, all cause stabilization of city life.   Green roof because of improvement in the social, economic and environmental conditions has been as an executive management program in most advanced cities in the world. Heat loss through the roof of the buildings is high and energy consumption of higher floors units increases, so the green roof is a solution for this problem. Green roofs by rising roofing layers, acts as a thermal insulation and controls heat exchange between the inside and outside the building.   In this research, after recognizing that benefits of green roofs with this hypothesis that “green roof and how design of green roof have effective role in reduce heat transfer” with help of analysis software called ansys, three samples of conventional roofs, green roofs conventional and green roofs with special detail (fiber glass layers) analyzed and heat transfer comparative compared.Also,installed heat sensors to verify the thermal performance of green roofs for designed green roofs and simple ample of normal green roof, indicate optimization of designed green roof respect to normal green roofs, heat performance wise. With software analysis and laboratory samples, green roof compared to 50% less heat transfer rather conventional roof and green roof with fiber glass layers to 40% rather green roof conventional optimized. Shading and evaporative cooling plants and also the role of roof layers that all perform like insulation, have effective role in reduce heat transfer.   In researched, methodology research related to the benefits of green roof is descriptive and qualitative approach. But in sectors related to software analysis, these had quantitative approach and analytical methodology.}, keywords = {green roof,heat transfer,Reduce Energy Consumption,ANSYS Software}, title_fa = {ارزیابی چگونگی تأثیرگذاری بام سبز در کاهش دمای محیط}, abstract_fa = {بام سبز بامی است که با محیط کشت روینده پوشانده می‌شود. ایجاد سبزینگی در فضای پشت بام بر آب و هوای شهر و منطقه و هوای داخل ساختمان تأثیر مثبت داشته و با ممانعت از تابش اشعه‌های خورشیدی در خنک‌سازی فضا نقش دارد. این خنک‌سازی با کاهش نوسانات گرمایی بر روی سطح خارجی بام و از طریق افزایش ظرفیت گرمایی بام صورت می‌گیرد که فضای زیر بام را در تابستان خنک نگه داشته و میزان گرمایش را در طی زمستان افزایش می‌دهد.   یکی از راهکارهایی که برای کاهش مصرف انرژی در شهرهای ‌کلانپیشنهاد می‌شود، احداث باغ بام است. باغ بام یا بام سبزچنانچه صحیح طراحی و اجرا شود و در آن ملاحظات اقلیمی در نظر گرفته شود علاوه بر مزایای مختلف می‌تواند تا حد زیادی به کاهش مصرف انرژی کمک کند.   در این تحقیق مزایای بام سبز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته و برای اثبات این فرضیه که "بام سبز و چگونگی طراحی آن نقش مؤثری در کاهش انتقال حرارت دارد" از نرم‌افزاری تحلیلی به نام انسیس استفاده شده است. سه نمونه بام معمولی، بام سبز معمولی، بام سبز با جزییات اجرایی خاص (لایه فایبرگلاس) آنالیز شده و انتقال حرارت آنها مورد مقایسه تطبیقی قرار گرفت و معلوم شد که بام سبز نسبت به بام معمولی 50 درصد انتقال حرارت کمتری دارد و بام سبز با لایه فایبرگلاس نسبت به بام سبز اجرایی 40 درصد بهینه‌سازی شده است. سایه‌اندازی و خنک‌سازی تبخیری گیاهان و همچنین لایه‌های سقف به عنوان عایق تأثیر مؤثری در کاهش انتقال حرارت دارند.   رویکرد این پژوهش علمی- کاربردی بوده است. روش تحقیق در بخش‌های مربوط به مزایای بام سبز توصیفی و نوع تحقیق کیفی و در بخش‌های مربوط به تحلیل نرم‌افزاری نوع تحقیق کمی و روش، تحلیلی بوده است.}, keywords_fa = {بام سبز,انتقال حرارت,کاهش مصرف انرژی,نرم‌افزار انسیس}, url = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1178.html}, eprint = {http://www.bagh-sj.com/article_1178_a08a5a2989c045c77fbc13ddbf504855.pdf} }