نظریه‌ای تبیینی برای توضیح سطوح مشارکت در معماری بر مبنای منطق فرایندهای تصمیم‌گیری در خصوص محیط انسان‌ساخت

دوره 21، شماره 135
شهریور 1403
صفحه 63-76

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکدۀ معماری، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ معماری، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران.

چکیده
بیان مسئله: مشارکت موضوعی چندوجهی و چندپارادایمی است که نمی‌توان توضیح مطلقی از آن ارائه داد؛ اما بدون نظریات تبیینی نیز نمی‌توان به بررسی کاربردی مفاهیم مشارکت یا توسعه و ارزیابی نظریات مشارکت در معماری پرداخت. دردست‌نبودن چارچوب‌های تبیینی، به ازهم‌گسیختگی‌ و نارسایی‌های نظری انجامیده است. بر‌این‌اساس، این پرسش مطرح شده است که «کدام مفاهیم قابل‌تفکیک و قابل‌سطح‌بندی می‌توانند توضیحی از ماهیت تصمیمات مشارکتی مربوط به محیط انسان‌ساخت ارائه دهند که نارسایی‌های نظری این حوزه را در توضیح تجارب گوناگون برطرف کند؟»
هدف پژوهش: فراهم آوردن چارچوبی تبیینی که بتواند ویژگی‌ها و مقولات تصمیمات مشارکتی را در حوزۀ معماری، به‌گونه‌ای قابل‌شناسایی و قابل‌ارزیابی توضیح دهد.
روش پژوهش: روشی کیفی و سه مرحله‌ای مبتنی بر استدلال منطقی در پیش گرفته شده است که به کمک مدل‌سازی مفهومی به تبیین چارچوب نظری می‌پردازد. در این روش ابتدا چارچوب و تعریفی اولیه برای توضیح مشارکت در تصمیمات مربوط به معماری ارائه می‌شود که مؤلفه‌ها و مقولات سطح‌بندی‌شده و مشخصی دارد. در مراحل بعدی با تحلیل منطق نظریات و سه تجربۀ مشارکت در معماری، به‌کمک مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته، کاربرد این چارچوب بررسی شده و مدل پیشنهادی راستی‌آزمایی می‌شود.
نتیجه‌گیری: می‌توان براساس منطق مفاهیم «چرخۀ تصمیم‌گیری» و «واحد عمل شناختی-فرهنگی» و با شرح رابطۀ میان مقولات «فرایند تصمیم‌گیری مشارکتی»، «توزیع قدرت تصمیم‌گیری» و «تعاملات میان مشارکت‌کنندگان»، توضیحی قابل‌ارزیابی از پدیدۀ مشارکت در تصمیمات مربوط به محیط انسان‌ساخت ارائه کرد. در این تصمیمات، سطح خودزایی در فرایند، سطح توزیع در قدرت تصمیم‌گیری و سطح دستیابی به زبان مشترک در تعاملات، می‌توانند توضیح‌دهندۀ سطح کلی مشارکت باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

A Theory for Explaining Levels of Participation in Architecture Based on the Logic of Decision-making Processes for The Built Environment

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Nourani Sadoddin 1
Ghasem Motalebi 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Problem statement: Most of the existing theories of participation in the fields related to the built environment, refer to external theories in politics, sociology, or economics, to apply their explanatory foundations. Unrelated theoretical roots have created various disconnected branches in the field, causing many confusions and insufficiencies. Developing explanatory theories inside the fields related to the built environment can resolve this problem. Accordingly, this study has proposed this question: “What are the distinguishable and evaluable shared concepts that can explain the substance of participation in decision-making for the built environment?”
Research objective: To develop an applicable and examinable framework, which can explain the main components of participatory decisions, considering the substance of such decisions in the fields related to the built environment.
Research method: This research was conducted in four phases by using a qualitative method which is based on the logical argumentation strategy. The steps included: 1. Proposing a definition that includes the main concepts and components of participation and decision-making in the fields related to the built environment 2. Explaining three main components of the proposed definition and leveling each of the three components in an assessable way 4. Examining the explanatory model that explains the relations among the components. 
Conclusion: It is possible to explain the substance of participation in the fields related to the built environment based on two concepts of “Decision Cycles” and “Cultural-Epistemic-Praxis Units” and by three components: “Process of participatory decision-making,”  “Distribution of the power of decision making,”  and “Communication among the participants.” The total level of participation in such decisions can be estimated using three criteria: the level of spontaneity in the decision-making processes, the level of communication in decision-making, and the level of power distribution in decision-making.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Architectural Theory
  • Participatory Architecture
  • Participatory Decision Making
  • Built Environment
  • Cultural-Epistemic-Praxis Unit
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