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واکاوی تأثیر سبک زندگی بر سازمان فضایی خانه‌های معاصر ایران (نمونۀ موردی: فضای نشیمن در خانه‌های دورة پهلوی ارومیه)

https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2024.466500.5632
دوره 21، شماره 140
بهمن 1403
صفحه 61-78
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نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سحر کریم‌زاده 1
محمدرضا پاکدل‌فرد 2
بابک مطیعی 3
رسول درسخوان 4

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، واحد بین الملل ارس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه معماری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده
بیان مسئله: سبک زندگی به معنایی است که در آن عوامل زیستی، اجتماعی- فرهنگی و اقتصادی بایکدیگر تعامل داشته و تأثیرات عمیقی بر الگوهای زندگی افراد جامعه دارند. یکی از نمونه‌های این تعامل، کیفیت محیط زندگی و سازمان فضایی است که به‌تبع آن معماری خانه تحت‌تأثیر قرار می‌گیرد.
هدف پژوهش: هدف اصلی این پژوهش واکاوی تأثیر سبک زندگی بر سازمان فضایی خانه‌های دورة پهلوی با تأکید بر فضای نشیمن در خانه‌های شهر ارومیه است.  
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی است و در دو سطح کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی انجام شده است. در این راستا 18 نمونه از خانه‌های ارومیه به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و دردسترس جهت تحلیل انتخاب شده‌اند.
نتیجه‌گیری:نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد با گذر زمان، فضاهای مختلف خانه‌ها تغییر کرده‌اند. اتاق‌ها به نشیمن، خواب و ناهارخوری تبدیل شده‌اند و برونگرایی به‌جای درونگرایی ظاهر شده است. الگوی پلان اوایل دورة پهلوی شامل حیاط‌مرکزی و اتاق‌هایی با دسترسی ازطریق راهروها بود، بعداً حیاط به فضایی مجزا تبدیل شد و نشیمن نقش اصلی را به عهده گرفت. فضای نشیمن‌ با فضاهای دیگر ادغام شده‌ و تزئینات آن‌ها شامل دیوارهای روشن، فرش، کف سیمانی و مصالح گچی بوده است. نشیمن‌های این دوره، مستطیل‌شکل و دارای درب جداکننده بوده و با اتاق‌خواب، پذیرایی، آشپزخانه و حیاط همجواری داشته‌اند. فعالیت‌های مختلفی مانند استراحت و غذاخوردن در نشیمن انجام می‌شده است و ارتباط آن با فضای باز از طریق بالکن، تراس و حیاط بوده است این نتایج نشان می‌دهند طراحی فضا و چیدمان فضایی تحت‌تأثیر سبک زندگی و فرهنگ ساکنین بوده و شناخت ویژگی‌های آن برای بهبود سبک زندگی ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دورة پهلوی
سازمان فضایی
سبک زندگی
نشیمن

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the Effects of Lifestyle on the Spatial Organization of Contemporary Iranian Houses (Case study: Living Spaces in Pahlavi-era Houses in Urmia, Iran)

نویسندگان English

Sahar Karimzadeh 1
Mohammadreza Pakdel Fard 2
Babak Motiei 3
Rasoul Darskhan 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Architecture, International Aras Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tabriz, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University,Urmia, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده English

Problem statement: Lifestyle refers to the interactions of biological, social-cultural, and economic factors and their effects on the living models of people in society. One example of this interaction is the quality of the living environment and the spatial organization, which consequently affects house architecture.
Research objective: The main goal of the study was to explore the effects of lifestyle on the spatial configuration of Pahlavi-era houses by emphasizing living spaces in Urmia City houses.
Research method: This study is descriptive-analytical. The study was performed using library and field sources. In this connection, 18 houses in Urmia City were selected in purposive and convenience sampling for analysis. 
Conclusion: Findings showed that over time various spaces of houses have undergone changes, with rooms turning into living-, bed- and launch rooms and extroversion into introversion. The early Pahlavi-era plan model consisted of a central courtyard and rooms accessible through corridors, as courtyards later became separate spaces and the living area took center stage. Living spaces have become integrated into other spaces and their decorations have included translucent walls, cement floors, and plaster-worked materials. The living spaces of this era were rectangular and involved separating doors, hence adjoining the bedroom, hall, and kitchen sections. Various activities such as taking rest and eating used to be performed in the living space, which was connected to outdoors via the balcony, terrace, and courtyard. These findings showed that space design and spatial arrangement were the influence of the lifestyle and culture of residents, and for this, it is pivotal to understand its characteristics and improve the lifestyle. 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Pahlavi era
  • Spatial organization
  • Lifestyle
  • Living space
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