رمزگشایی عناصر معماری به کمک دستور زبان شکل (گونه‌شناسی فضاهای 64 خانۀ تاریخی از کاشان، یزد و اصفهان)

دوره 21، شماره 141
اسفند 1403
صفحه 5-14

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناس‌ارشد معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
بیان مسئله: گونه‌شناسی توصیفی ساده و دیاگرام از یک دسته از پدیده‌ها انجام می‌شود و میزانی از ارتباط و تشابه میان آن دسته از پدیده‌ها برقرار می‌شود. مطالعات فراوانی در گونه‌شناسی فضاهای خانه‌های تاریخی انجام شده است اما اغلب این مطالعات یک یا چند فضای محدود را بررسی کرده‌اند که عدم ارتباط ساختاری میان فضاهای مختلف، روش و ساختار مشخصی که بتوان همۀ فضاها را به کمک آن گونه‌شناسی کرد و ارتباط ساختاری میان فضاها را توضیح داد، مشهود است. 
هدف پژوهش: هدف از این پژوهش، برقراری ارتباط میان فضاهای مختلف در خانه‌های تاریخی درونگرای فلات مرکزی ایران و ارتباط شکلی-ساختاری میان نتایج مطالعات مختلفی است که پیرامون گونه‌شناسی فضاهای خانه‌های تاریخی در معماری ایرانی انجام شده است.
روش پژوهش: در این پژوهش، براساس دستور زبان شکل خانه‌های تاریخی کاشان، به گونه‌شناسی ریزفضاهای 64 خانۀ تاریخی از شهرهای یزد و اصفهان و کاشان پرداخته شده است. در ضمن مطالعه، گونه‌شناسی اولیۀ ریزفضاها توسعه و نظامی منسجم از ارتباط میان گونه‌های شکلی در خانه‌های تاریخی این سه شهر حاصل شده است.  
نتیجه‌گیری: در بخش یافته‌ها نخست یک دستور زبان دو مرحله‌ای برای تولید ساختار شکلی و سپس برقراری روابط فضایی میان اجزا ارائه شده است. به کمک این دستور زبان طیفی از ساختارهای شکلی و روابط فضایی موجود در نمونه‌های بررسی‌شده به‌صورت یک ساختار درختی ارائه شده است. این‌گونه‌شناسی به‌خوبی روابط ساختاری میان گونه‌های مختلف شکلی را توضیح می‌دهد. به‌علاوه به کمک آن می‌توان تفاوت گونه‌های مختلف میان شهرهای دیگر را نیز توضیح داد. به‌این‌ترتیب، مدلی ارائه شده است که میان فضاهای مختلف در خانه‌های تاریخی درونگرای فلات مرکزی ایران ارتباط ساختاری شکلی برقرار می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Decoding Architectural Design Elements Through Shape Grammar (Typology of 64 traditional houses of Kashan, Yazd, and Isfahan)

نویسندگان English

Seyed Amir Hosseini 1
Shahaboddin Fathi 2
Mohamadreza Bemanian 3
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad 3
1 Ph.D. in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A. in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor in Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Problem statement: Typology provides a simple and diagrammatic description of a group of phenomena and establishes a degree of connection or affinity between those phenomena. Many studies have addressed the typology of spaces of historical houses, but most of these studies have focused on one or more limited spaces, which reveal the absence of structural connection between different spaces and the lack of a specific method or framework that can be used to typify all spaces and explain the structural connection between them.
Research objective: This study aims to establish a connection between different spaces in introverted historical houses located in the Central Iranian Plateau Iran and identify the formal-structural connection between the findings from previous studies on the typology of spaces of historical houses in Iranian architecture.
Research method: Using the shape grammar, the present study performed a typological analysis of micro-spaces of 64 historical houses from Kashan, Yazd, and Isfahan. This study also developed the initial typology of micro-spaces and established a coherent system of relationships between formal typologies in the historical houses located in these three cities.
Conclusion: Based on the findings from this study, a two-stage grammar was first developed for generating the formal structure and then establishing spatial relationships between components of the houses. With the help of this grammar, a triple structure was developed using a range of formal structures and spatial relationships identified in the studied samples. The developed typology can account for the structural relationships between different forms. In addition, it can pinpoint the differences between different typologies in other cities. Accordingly, the typological model developed in this study establishes a structural-form relationship between different spaces in introverted historical houses located in the Central Iranian Plateau.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Typology
  • Shape grammar
  • Kashan
  • Yazd
  • Isfahan
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