شناسایی چالش‌ها و تحلیل فرصت‌های ادغام معماری بیونیک با شیوه‌های معماری بومی سنتی (مطالعه موردی: شهر بم)

دوره 22، شماره 142
فروردین 1404
صفحه 5-26

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه معماری، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم، ایران.

چکیده
بیان مسئله: تحولات شتابان معماری شهر بم پس‌از زلزله مهیب سال 1382، شکافی عمیق میان شیوه‌های نوین ساخت‌وساز و میراث غنی فرهنگی و اقلیمی این نگین کویر ایجاد کرده است. عناصر معماری سنتی که طی سده‌ها در هم‌گرایی با اقلیم گرم‌وخشک منطقه تکامل یافته بودند، به‌تدریج جای خود را به طراحی‌های مدرن و بی‌توجه به ارزش‌های زیست‌محیطی و فرهنگی داده‌اند. این پژوهش در پی پاسخ به این پرسش کلیدی است که فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های ادغام معماری زیست‌میتیک با دانش بومی در بافت تاریخی بم چیست و چگونه می‌توان اصول طراحی اکولوژیک را برای ایجاد محیطی پایدار و همساز با فرهنگ منطقه در این اقلیم خاص به کار گرفت؟
روش پژوهش: برای واکاوی این مسئله، رویکردی تلفیقی برگزیده شد. با انجام مطالعات میدانی و مستندنگاری تصویری از بناهای تاریخی، ویژگی‌های معماری بومی به دقت تحلیل شد. مشاوره با متخصصان زیست‌شناسی، اطلاعاتی دربارۀ سازگاری‌های زیستی گونه‌های بومی فراهم آورد و مصاحبه با ده نفر از معماران و سیزده نفر از ساکنان بومی، دانش سنتی و درک آن‌ها از طراحی الهام‌گرفته از طبیعت را آشکار ساخت. پیش‌پردازش تصاویر معماری با بهره‌گیری از نرم‌افزارOpenCV، تحلیل هندسی و بافتی را تسهیل کرد که سپس با نظر کارشناسی سه تن از متخصصان معماری ارزیابی شد. داده‌های کیفی حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Atlas.ti  کدگذاری و مضامین مرتبط با تعامل اصول زیست‌میتیک و دانش بومی استخراج شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش، هم‌خوانی میان معماری بومی بم و راهبردهای زیست‌میتیک ازجمله سامانه‌های سرمایشی غیرفعال و بهره‌وری بهینه از مواد را آشکار ساخت. بااین‌حال، چالش‌هایی همچون سازگاری مصالح نوین، محدودیت‌های اقتصادی و آسیب‌پذیری در برابر زلزله، به‌عنوان موانعی بر سر راه این هم‌گرایی شناسایی شدند. رفع این موانع، نیازمند تدوین راهکارهای ترکیبی شامل تلفیق مصالح نوین و سنتی، برنامه‌ریزی شهری مشارکتی و راه‌حل‌های مبتنی‌بر طبیعت است که با شرایط اجتماعی، اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی خاص شهر بم سازگار باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Identifying Challenges and Opportunities for the Integration of Bionic Architecture with Traditional Vernacular Practices (A Case Study of Bam City)

نویسندگان English

Noushin Pour Haghverdi 1
Jamshid Davtalab 2
Mohsen Ghasemi 3
Maliheh Norouzi 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Bam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran.
چکیده English

Problem statement: The rapid transformations in the architectural landscape of Bam City following the catastrophic earthquake of 2003 have created a profound gap between modern construction methods and the city’s rich cultural and climatic heritage. Traditional architectural elements, developed over centuries in harmony with the hot and arid climate, have gradually been replaced by modern designs that neglect environmental and cultural values. This study seeks to answer the critical question: What are the opportunities and challenges of integrating bionic architecture with indigenous knowledge in Bam’s historical fabric, and how can ecological design principles be employed to create a sustainable and culturally harmonious environment in this unique climate?
Research method: To address this issue, a mixed-methods approach was adopted. Field studies and photographic documentation of historical structures were conducted to meticulously analyze the characteristics of vernacular architecture. Consultations with biologists provided insights into the ecological adaptations of native species. Interviews with ten architects and thirteen residents revealed traditional knowledge and their perceptions of nature-inspired design. Image preprocessing using OpenCV software facilitated geometric and textural analysis, which was subsequently reviewed by three architectural experts. Qualitative data from interviews were coded using Atlas.ti software, extracting themes related to the interplay of bionic principles and indigenous knowledge.
Conclusion: The study highlights the compatibility between Bam’s vernacular architecture and bionic strategies, including passive cooling systems and optimal material efficiency. However, challenges such as the adaptability of modern materials, economic constraints, and earthquake vulnerability were identified as barriers to integration. Addressing these challenges requires the development of hybrid solutions, combining modern and traditional materials, participatory urban planning, and nature-based approaches tailored to Bam’s specific socio-economic and environmental conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Bionic Architecture
  • Vernacular Architecture
  • Ecological Resilience
  • Cultural Continuity
  • Bam
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