تأثیر پردیس‌‌های طبیعی دانشگاه بر وضعیت روان‌‌شناختی دانشجویان: یک مطالعۀ فراتحلیل

دوره 22، شماره 143
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 23-40

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه معماری، دانشکدة معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکدة معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار پژوهشکدۀ محیط‌زیست و توسعۀ پایدار، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
بیان‌مسئله: طبق گزارش‌‌های اخیر، امروزه دانشجویان به‌شکل بی‌سابقه‌ای دچار اختلالات روان‌‌شناختی شده‌‌اند. از دیگر سو، شواهد بیان‌‌گر اثر مثبت پردیس‌‌های طبیعی دانشگاه‌ بر مؤلفه‌های روان‌شناختی دانشجویان است. این مطالعه به‌دنبال جمع‌‌بندی مطالعات پیشین و محاسبة کمّی مقدار این اثرگذاری است.
هدف پژوهش: این پژوهش با بررسی مطالعات پیشین و انجام فراتحلیل، درصدد دستیابی به میزان اثرگذاری پردیس‌های طبیعی دانشگاه بر مؤلفه‌های روان‌شناختی دانشجویان است.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش با جست‌وجوی چهار پایگاه‌ اطلاعاتی وب آو ساینس، اسکوپوس، سایکواینفو و پابمد، مطالعات انجام‌شده در بازۀ زمانی سال 2000 تا 2023 را بررسی کرد. معیارهای ورود مطالعات به این فراتحلیل شامل نگارش به زبان انگلیسی، انجام مداخلات کوتاه‌مدت، به‌‌کارگیری روش‌های تجربی و شبه‌تجربی، پیاده‌سازی معیارهای شناختی استاندارد، وجود شاخص‌های آماری مناسب فراتحلیل و انتشار در مجلات معتبر بود. پس از آن‌که کلیة پژوهشگران به‌صورت مستقل به غربالگری پژوهش‌ها پرداختند، از میان 8010 مقالة شناسایی‌شده، در مرحلة نخست 34 مطالعه انتخاب شدند. سپس 10 مطالعه به‌دلیل عدم تأمین شرایط فراتحلیل، حذف شده و 24 مطالعه بررسی نهایی شدند. فرایند تهیة گزارش فراتحلیل، با رعایت دستورالعمل پریزما (PRISMA, 2020) انجام شد.
نتیجه‌‌گیری: بررسی مطالعات پیشین، سبب شناسایی 18 مؤلفۀ روان‌شناختی در دانشجویان شد. تعداد 15 مؤلفه شامل اضطراب، کاهش استرس، عزت‌نفس، بازسازی روانی، آرامش، اثرات منفی/ مثبت بر سلامتی، سلامت روان، بازسازی روانی درک‌شده، بهزیستی روان‌‌شناختی، تعمق، بازسازی تمرکز ذهنی، پرانرژی‌‌بودن، آسودگی خاطر، اختلال خلقی کلی و خوش‌خلقی شدیداً تحت‌تأثیر پردیس‌‌های طبیعی دانشگاه بودند. دو مؤلفۀ افسردگی و احساسات مثبت/ منفی نیز تأثیرپذیری متوسط و مؤلفۀ شادی تأثیرپذیری کمی از پردیس طبیعی دانشگاه داشتند. پردیس‌های طبیعی دانشگاه‌‌ها، درمجموع، تأثیر زیادی بر مؤلفه‌های روان‌شناختی دانشجویان گذاشتند (شاخص کوهن= 759/0). همچنین مطالعات بررسی‌شده، هیچ‌گونه سوگیری انتشاری را نشان ندادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Impact of Natural University Campuses on Students’ Psychological Status: A Meta-Analysis Study

نویسندگان English

Farzaneh Salehi Kousalari 1
Ali Sharghi 2
Abdul Hamid Ghanbaran 2
Ali Jahani 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Research Center of Environment and Sustainable Development, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Problem statement: Based on recent reports, students in the current era are experiencing psychological disorders at unprecedented levels. Concurrently, natural university campuses positively influence the students’ psychological Components. This study aims to synthesize previous research and quantitatively estimate the magnitude of this effect.
Research objective: This study aims to determine the extent to which natural university campuses influence psychological Components among students by reviewing prior research and conducting a meta-analysis.
Research method: This study examined research conducted between the years 2000 and 2023 by searching four databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria for studies in this meta-analysis were publication in English, implementation of short-term interventions, use of experimental or quasi-experimental methods, application of standardized cognitive assessment tools, availability of appropriate statistical data for meta-analysis, and publication in reputable journals. After all researchers independently screened the studies, out of the 8,010 identified articles, 34 studies were initially selected in the first stage. Subsequently, 10 studies were excluded due to not meeting the meta-analysis criteria, and 24 were selected for final review. The process of preparing the meta-analysis report was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (2020 version).
Conclusion: The exploration of previous studies led to the identification of 18 psychological Components among students. Fifteen Components—including anxiety, stress recovery, self-esteem, restorativeness, relaxation, negative/ positive health effects, mental health, perceived recovery, psychological well-being, reflection, attention recovery, energetic, clear thought, total mood disturbance, and good-natured— were significantly influenced by the natural campuses of the university. Two Components, depression, and positive/negative feelings, showed moderate influence, while happiness exhibited minimal influence. Overall, the natural campuses of universities had a substantial impact on students’ psychological Components (Cohen’s index = 0.759). Additionally, the studies included in the research did not show any publication bias.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Psychological Components
  • Natural Landscape
  • University Campus
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