تحلیلی بر نقش طراحی بیوفیلیک در خلق معماری حساس به اقلیم و متناسب با فرهنگ در ایران

دوره 22، شماره 145
تیر 1404
صفحه 19-34

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم، ایران.

چکیده
بیان مسئله: طراحی بیوفیلیک، ریشه در فرضیۀ بیوفیلیا داشته و باهدف ادغام هوشمندانه عناصر طبیعی در محیط‌های ساخته‌شده، به دنبال ارتقای پایداری، بهزیستی و تعامل انسان با طبیعت است. بااین‌حال، کاربرد گستردۀ این رویکرد نوآورانه در ایران، به واسطۀ چالش‌هایی همچون تراکم فزاینده شهری، روش‌های ساخت‌وساز سنتی و موانع فرهنگی و سیاستی محدود مانده است.
هدف پژوهش: با تلفیق شبیه‌سازی‌های محاسباتی و مصاحبه‌های تخصصی با کارشناسان این حوزه، این مطالعه به ارزیابی عملکرد زیست‌محیطی، انرژی و فرهنگی طراحی بیوفیلیک در سه شهر نمایندۀ مناطق اقلیمی متنوع ایران، یزد (گرم و خشک)، تبریز (سرد و نیمه‌خشک) و رشت (مرطوب) پرداخته است.
روش پژوهش: در بخش تحلیل کمی، داده‌های اقلیمی دقیق از منابع معتبر همچون پایگاه‌داده‌های Meteonorm و پایگاه‌داده Power ناسا استخراج و با بهره‌گیری از نرم‌افزارهای پیشرفته شبیه‌سازی همچون Ecotect Analysis و Grasshopper-Ladybug، تحلیل و بررسی شد. در بخش کیفی نیز با انجام مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۷ نفر از خبرگان و متخصصان این حوزه که با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و گلوله‌برفی انتخاب شده بودند، به بررسی چالش‌ها و فرصت‌های اجرای طراحی بیوفیلیک در ایران پرداخته شد.
 نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش، گواهی بر مزایای چشمگیر اصول طراحی بیوفیلیک در بهبود عملکرد ساختمان‌ها و ارتقای کیفیت محیط‌زیست ساخته شده است. به‌عنوان نمونه، شهر یزد با بهره‌گیری هوشمندانه از روش‌های خنک‌سازی غیرفعال توانست به کاهش قابل‌توجه ۳۰ درصدی مصرف انرژی دست یابد. شهر تبریز نیز با بهبود عایق‌کاری حرارتی ساختمان‌ها، عملکرد انرژی خود را به میزان ۲۰ درصد ارتقا بخشید. در شهر رشت نیز، افزایش ۳۰ درصدی بهره‌وری آب، گامی مهم در جهت پایداری منابع آبی برداشته شد. بااین‌حال، گسترش کاربرد طراحی بیوفیلیک در ایران با موانعی همچون محدودیت‌های اقتصادی، آگاهی ناکافی عمومی و سیاست‌های پراکنده و ناهماهنگ مواجه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

An Analysis of the Role of Biophilic Design in Creating Climate-Responsive and Culturally Attuned Architecture in Iran

نویسندگان English

Elham Raisi 1
Jamshid Davtalab 2
Mohsen Ghasemi 3
Maliheh Norouzi 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Bam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran.
چکیده English

Problem statement: Rooted in the Biophilia Hypothesis, biophilic design seeks to intelligently weave natural elements into the built environment to enhance sustainability, human well-being, and the human-nature connection. Nevertheless, despite its innovative potential, the widespread adoption of biophilic principles in Iran has been constrained by challenges such as increasing urban density, the persistence of traditional construction practices, and various cultural and policy-related barriers.
Research objective: This study aims to evaluate the environmental, energy, and cultural performance of biophilic design across three representative Iranian cities—Yazd (hot and arid climate), Tabriz (cold and semi-arid climate), and Rasht (humid climate)—by integrating computational simulations with expert interviews.
Research method: For the quantitative analysis, high-resolution climatic data were sourced from reliable databases such as Meteonorm and NASA’s POWER database. These datasets were then analyzed using advanced simulation tools like Ecotect Analysis and Grasshopper-Ladybug. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven experts selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods, aiming to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing biophilic design in the Iranian context.
Conclusion: The research findings highlight the substantial benefits of biophilic principles in enhancing building performance and the quality of the built environment. For example, in Yazd, the strategic deployment of passive cooling techniques resulted in a remarkable 30% reduction in energy consumption. In Tabriz, improvements in building insulation led to a 20% enhancement in energy efficiency. Similarly, Rasht witnessed a 30% increase in water use efficiency, marking a significant stride toward water resource sustainability. Nonetheless, broader implementation of biophilic strategies in Iran faces obstacles such as economic constraints, limited public awareness, and fragmented, inconsistent policy frameworks.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Biophilia
  • Biophilic Design
  • Climate-Responsive Architecture
  • Vernacular Iranian Architecture
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