مرور نظام‌مند معیارهای زیست‌آسایی در شهرسازی و ارزیابی آن‌ها با روش دلفی

دوره 22، شماره 149
آبان 1404
صفحه 73-88

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیست، دانشکدۀ محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشکدۀ مهندسی و معماری، دانشگاه نیزوی، عمان

3 گروه فیزیک کاربردی، دانشکدۀ فیزیک، دانشگاه شریف، تهران، ایران

4 گروه قرآن و حدیث، بنیاد دایره المعارف اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده
بیان‌مسئله: مفهوم شهر و نسبت آن با محیط‌زیست، از موضوعات بحث‌برانگیز است. مطرح‌شدن مفهوم «زیست‌آسایی» که جنبه‌های ذهنی و عینی را همزمان در نظر می‌گیرد، فرصت جدیدی برای توسعۀ دانش‌های محیطی، ازجمله برنامه‌ریزی شهری، فراهم آورده است. پرسش اصلی این پژوهش این است که چگونه می‌توان با تفکیک و مرزبندی دو مفهوم «زیست‌پذیری» و زیست‌آسایی در علوم محیطی، برنامه‌ریزی شهری و شهرسازی، به معیارهای زیست‌آسایی دست یافت؟ و نظر خبرگان در این حوزه چیست؟ 
هدف پژوهش: هدف این پژوهش، تعریف و تفکیک دو مفهوم زیست‌پذیری و زیست‌آسایی همراه با مروری نظام‌مند بر معیارهای زیست‌آسایی و بازتدوین آن‌ها براساس نظر خبرگان است تا به‌عنوان یک چهارچوب مفهومی در کنار سایر مفاهیم نوین شهرسازی، ما را به شهرسازی مطلوب نزدیک کند.  
روش پژوهش: چهارچوب نظری پژوهش، براساس نظریۀ معماری سرآمد تشکلی شده که با رعایت سلسله‌مراتب مفهومی شامل هدف، رویکرد، راهبرد، ساختار، بُعد، مؤلفه، معیار و شاخص، ازطریق مرور نظام‌مند، روش دلفی سه‌مرحله‌ای و تکنیک شانون، به تدوین، تدقیق و پالایش معیارهای زیست‌آسایی پرداخته شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد زیست‌آسایی کالبد شهر با تدوین ۱۶ معیار، مفهومی چندوجهی و فراتر از زیست‌پذیری شهر است. وزن‌دهی این معیارها با استفاده از آنتروپی شانون نیز نشان داد معیارهایی نظیر عدالت فضایی، شبکۀ حمل‌ونقل سبز و حکمرانی کارآمد، بیشترین قدرت تمایز و تأثیرگذاری در ساختار زیست‌آسا را دارند. این امر گویای آن است که دستیابی به این مفهوم در فضاهای شهری، مستلزم هم‌ترازی میان مؤلفه‌های کالبدی و ارزش‌های اجتماعی-فرهنگی تحت حکمرانی کارآمد است. یافته‌های پژوهش، ضمن ارائۀ مدلی عملیاتی، امکانی برای ارزیابی وضع موجود شهرها و همچنین طراحی سنجیدۀ مداخلات سیاستی و کالبدی را فراهم می‌سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

A Systematic Review of Eco-Comfort Criteria in Urban Planning and Their Evaluation Using the Delphi Method

نویسندگان English

Reza Fatemi Motlagh 1
Mohammad Moshari 1
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad 2
Alimohammad Ahmadi 3
Mohsen Moeini 4
1 Planning Department, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa, Oman
3 Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
4 Theology Group, Encyclopedia of Islamic Sciences Foundation, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Problem statement: The concept of “city” and the relationship between cities and their environment remain contentious issues within the current body of research. The introduction of the concept of “eco-comfort”, which simultaneously addresses both subjective and objective dimensions, has offered a novel avenue for advancing environmental knowledge, particularly in the realm of urban planning. The present study seeks to address the following question: How can we achieve “eco-comfort” criteria by differentiating between the concepts of “eco-comfort” and “livability” in the fields of environmental sciences, urban planning, and urban development? What insights do experts in this area provide?
Research objective: This research aims to define and distinguish between the concepts of “livability” and “eco-comfort,” while systematically reviewing and reformulating eco-comfort criteria based on expert opinions. The goal is to establish a conceptual framework that can be integrated with other novel concepts related to urban development.
Research method: The research is based on Highperformance Architecture Theory to outline a concept for future cities, the present study used a systematic review, three-round Delphi method, and Shannon technique to formulate, scrutinize, and refine eco-comfort criteria, taking into account the conceptual hierarchy, which includes goal, approach, strategy, structure, component, criterion, and indicator.
Conclusion: The results reveal that eco-comfort, encompassing 16 criteria developed, is a multifaceted concept that is not limited to the notion of livability. The weighting of these criteria using Shannon entropy indicates that criteria such as spatial justice, green transportation network, and efficient governance substantially influence the eco-comfort structure of a city. This suggests that achieving eco-comfort in urban spaces necessitates an alignment between physical components and socio-cultural values, supported by effective governance. The findings not only offer an operational model for assessing the eco-comfort of cities but also create opportunities for thoughtfully developing political and physical interventions to enhance it.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Urban Planning
  • Highperformance Architecture Theory
  • Livability
  • Eco-Comfort
  • Environmental Sustainability
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