ارزیابی تطبیقی تاب‌آوری و خوداتکایی در خانه‌های سنتی و معاصر بندرعباس با روش TOPSIS فازی

دوره 22، شماره 149
آبان 1404
صفحه 15-28

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه معماری، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه شهرسازی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده
بیان مسئله: خانه‌های سنتی بندرعباس، به‌دلیل بهره‌گیری از مصالح بومی و سازوکارهای منطبق با اقلیم گرم و مرطوب منطقه، همواره به‌عنوان الگویی در زمینۀ تاب‌آوری و خوداتکایی مطرح بوده‌اند. در مقابل، ساخت‌وسازهای معاصر عمدتاً بر فناوری‌های مدرن تکیه دارند و در برخی موارد، به‌علت عدم هماهنگی با شرایط اقلیمی و زمینۀ اجتماعی، سطح تاب‌آوری و خوداتکایی پایین‌تری نشان می‌دهند. بکارگیری اصول معماری تاب‌آور در طراحی مجتمع‌های مسکونی بندرعباس به‌طور معنی‌داری منجر به افزایش خوداتکایی ساکنین می‌شود.
هدف پژوهش: ارزیابی تطبیقی میزان تاب‌آوری و خوداتکایی در خانه‌های سنتی و معاصر بندرعباس و شناسایی عوامل کلیدی مؤثر بر آن است. 
روش پژوهش: ابتدا با انجام مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با متخصصان، مؤلفه‌های مهم تاب‌آوری (شهری، کالبدی، محیطی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی) و خوداتکایی (پایدار، اجتماعی و مدیریتی) شناسایی شد. سپس، برپایۀ این مؤلفه‌ها، پرسشنامه‌هایی با طیف‌های فازی طراحی و میان جامعه‌ای از ساکنان و متخصصان توزیع شد. داده‌های گردآوری‌شده درنهایت با روش TOPSIS فازی تحلیل شد تا میزان نزدیکی هر خانه به راه‌حل ایده‌آل (از نظر تاب‌آوری و خوداتکایی) تعیین شود. 
نتیجه‌گیری: خانه‌های سنتی، به‌دلیل طراحی هماهنگ با اقلیم، استفاده از مصالح بومی، مدیریت بهتر منابع آب و شکل‌گیری فضاهای اجتماعی مؤثر، در اغلب ابعاد تاب‌آوری و خوداتکایی از خانه‌های معاصر پیشی می‌گیرند. در مقابل، برخی خانه‌های معاصر که بر فناوری‌های جدید متکی‌اند، به‌ویژه در حوزه‌های اجتماعی و مدیریتی با چالش مواجه‌اند. این امر خود را در امتیازات پایین‌تر تاپسیس فازی نمایان کرد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که به‌کارگیری اصول معماری سنتی در کنار نوآوری‌های مدرن، نه‌تنها مصرف انرژی و هزینه‌های نگهداری را کاهش می‌دهد، بلکه تاب‌آوری و خوداتکایی ساکنان را نیز ارتقا می‌بخشد. بر این اساس، پیشنهاد می‌شود در طراحی‌های آتی، از راهکارهای بومی بهره گرفته شده و بر جنبه‌های مشارکتی و مدیریتی نیز تأکید بیشتری صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

A Comparative Assessment of Resilience and Self-Reliance in Traditional and Contemporary Houses of Bandar Abbas Using the Fuzzy TOPSIS Method

نویسندگان English

Soha Zakeri 1
Mahnaz Mahmoudi Zarandi 1
Mohammad reza Farzad behtash 2
1 Department of Architecture, NT.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Urban Planning, NT.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Problem statement: Traditional houses in Bandar Abbas—owing to the use of local materials and climate-responsive mechanisms suited to the region’s hot-humid conditions—have long served as exemplars of resilience and self-reliance. By contrast, contemporary constructions predominantly rely on modern technologies and, in some cases, due to misalignment with climatic and socio-cultural contexts, exhibit lower levels of resilience and self-reliance. The application of resilient architectural principles in the design of residential complexes in Bandar Abbas significantly increases residents’ self-reliance.
Research objective: To conduct a comparative evaluation of the levels of resilience and self-reliance in traditional and contemporary houses in Bandar Abbas and to identify the key factors influencing these outcomes.
Research method: First, through semi-structured interviews with experts, the principal components of resilience (urban, physical, environmental, social, and economic) and self-reliance (sustainable, social, and managerial) were identified. Based on these components, questionnaires employing fuzzy scales were designed and distributed among a population of residents and specialists. The collected data were then analyzed using the Fuzzy TOPSIS method to determine each house’s closeness to the ideal solution in terms of resilience and self-reliance. 
Conclusion: Owing to climate-responsive design, the use of local materials, more effective water resource management, and the formation of supportive social spaces, traditional houses generally outperform contemporary houses across most dimensions of resilience and self-reliance. Conversely, some contemporary houses that depend on new technologies face challenges—particularly in social and managerial domains—which is reflected in lower Fuzzy TOPSIS scores. The findings indicate that combining traditional architectural principles with modern innovations not only reduces energy consumption and maintenance costs but also enhances residents’ resilience and self-reliance. Accordingly, it is recommended that future designs incorporate vernacular strategies while placing greater emphasis on participatory and managerial aspects.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Resilience
  • Self-Reliance
  • Fuzzy TOPSIS Method
  • Traditional Houses of Bandar Abbas
  • Contemporary Houses of Bandar Abbas
  • Vernacular Architecture of Southern Iran
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