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شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعۀ تفکر انتقادی و فرهنگ استودیویی در فرایند آموزش طراحی معماری دانشگاه‌های ایران

https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2025.481828.5676
دوره 23، شماره 154
فروردین 1405
صفحه 5-18
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نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

حمزه زراعتی
محسن قاسمی
منصور نیکپور

گروه معماری، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم، ایران

چکیده
بیان مسئله: طراحی، کنکاشی نوآورانه در خلق مصنوعات بدیع است که ذهن، شخصیت و توانمندی‌های آفرینش‌گر را به چالش می‌کشد و به خدمت می‌گیرد. در عرصۀ معماری، این کنکاش با پیچیدگی‌ها، تضادها و پرسش‌های چالش‌برانگیزی روبروست که مستلزم بهره‌گیری از گنجینه‌ای از دانش و بکارگیری شیوه‌های تفکر نقادانه و خلاقانه است. در حوزۀ آموزش تفکر طراحی، اجماعی بر مؤثرترین روش‌شناسی وجود ندارد. از این‌رو، ضرورت بررسی رویکردهای آموزشی که خلاقیت دانشجویان را برانگیزد، بیش از پیش احساس می‌شود. 
هدف پژوهش: هدف از این پژوهش، توانمندسازی دانشجویان به تفکری انتقادی، مستقل است؛ تفکری که بدون اتکا به راهنمایی استادان و تقلید از تجربیات پیشین، فرهنگی نوآورانه را در محیط کارگاه‌های آموزشی پدید آورد.
روش پژوهش: در پژوهش حاضر، از رویکردی کیفی با اتکا بر ابزارهایی همچون مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته و تحلیل محتوای کیفی هدایت‌شده، برای نیل به مقصود تحقیق بهره جسته شد. در بخش نخست پژوهش، به‌منظور اخذ نظرات کارشناسانه، از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و گلوله‌برفی برای گزینش نمونه‌ها استفاده شده است. در این مطالعه، 16 نفر مشارکت کرده‌اند و داده‌های حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها با بهره‌گیری از کدگذاری باز و محوری، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. در بخش دوم پژوهش نیز، پرسشنامه‌ای در سه گروه، از میان 105 نمونۀ آماری دانشجویان رشتۀ معماری دانشگاه‌های تهران و کرج (دولتی و آزاد) گردآوری شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از یافته‌های پژوهش، نشان داد که فرایند آموزش طراحی معماری در دانشگاه‌های ایران تأکید زیادی بر توسعۀ مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی در بین دانشجویان نداشته است. این در حالی است که ادغام سبک‌های تفکر مختلف، از جمله تفکر بصری، انعطاف‌پذیر، استعاری، استراتژیک، خلاق و تفکر انتقادی، در پرداختن به چالش‌های چندوجهی این حوزه بسیار مهم تلقی می‌شود. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که اساتید به نقش محیط استودیو در تقویت خلاقیت دانشجویان توجه ویژه‌ای دارند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

آموزش طراحی معماری
فرهنگ استودیویی
تفکر انتقادی
دانشجویان معماری

عنوان مقاله English

Identifying the Factors Influencing the Development of Critical Thinking and Studio Culture in the Architectural Design Education of Iranian Universities

نویسندگان English

Hamzeh Zeraati
Mohsen Ghasemi
Mansour Nikpour
Department of Architecture, Bam.C., Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran
چکیده English

Problem statement: Design, which is an innovative inquiry into the creation of novel artifacts, challenges, and harnesses the mind, personality, and creative capacities of the designer. In the realm of architecture, this inquiry encounters complexities, contradictions, and thought-provoking questions that demand recourse to a rich body of knowledge and the application of both critical and creative modes of thinking. Within the field of design education, however, there is no consensus regarding the most effective pedagogical methodologies. Such a gap underscores the urgent need to investigate educational approaches that can stimulate and nurture students’ creativity.
Research objective: The aim of this study is to empower architecture students to cultivate independent and critical thinking an intellectual stance that fosters an innovative studio culture without relying on instructors’ direct guidance or the imitation of past experiences.
Research method: This research employed a qualitative approach, drawing upon semi-structured interviews and directed qualitative content analysis as the primary tools of inquiry. In the first phase, purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select expert participants. Sixteen individuals contributed to the study, and the interview data were analyzed through open and axial coding. In the second phase, a questionnaire was distributed across three groups, encompassing a statistical sample of 105 architecture students from both public and private universities in Tehran and Karaj.
Conclusion: The findings revealed that the architectural design education process in Iranian universities places limited emphasis on fostering critical thinking skills among students. Yet, the integration of diverse modes of thought, including visual, flexible, metaphorical, strategic, creative, and critical thinking, was found to be essential for addressing the multifaceted challenges of this field. Moreover, the results highlighted that instructors attach particular importance to the role of the studio environment in enhancing students’ creativity.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Architectural design education
  • Studio culture
  • Critical thinking
  • Architecture students.
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