ارزیابی تطبیقی ضرباهنگ‌های زندگی همگانی در میدان لستر و میدان تایمز

دوره 22، شماره 152
بهمن 1404
صفحه 43-60

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده
بیان مسئله: در مطالعات مربوط به محتوای اجتماعی عرصه‌های عمومی، دو بینش متفاوت مطرح است: نخست، رویکردی که بر شباهت الگوهای رفتاری تکرارشوندۀ میدان‌ها تأکید دارد و دوم، رویکردی که با تمرکز بر پیچیدگی و بی‌نظمی زندگی همگانی، الگوهای رفتاری را غیرتکراری و وابسته به زمینه تلقی می‌کند. 
هدف پژوهش: این پژوهش با تلفیق دو دیدگاه فوق‌الذکر از یک‌سو در پی آن است مؤلفه‌ها و عوامل مؤثر در ضرباهنگ‌های عام زندگی همگانی (الگوهای رفتاری عام) را شناسایی و آن‌ها را در دو فضای عمومی نمادین -میدان لستر و میدان تایمز- بررسی کند و ازسوی‌دیگر، تفاوت‌ها در کیفیت تحقق برخی از الگوهای کلیدی فعالیت در این فضاها را تحلیل کند.
روش پژوهش: روش تحقیق توصیفی با رویکرد تطبیقی است. بدین معنا که ابتدا به‌صورت توصیفی، مؤلفه‌ها و عوامل مؤثر در ضرباهنگ‌های زندگی همگانی استخراج شدند و سپس با رویکرد تطبیقی، دو میدان لستر و تایمز ارزیابی و مقایسه شدند. دراین‌راستا، داده‌ها ازطریق مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای-اسنادی و آرشیو تصاویر آژانس‌های فیلم و عکس گردآوری شدند؛ در مرحلۀ تحلیل، در چارچوب روش‌های کیفی، از تکنیک‌های ردگیری در عکس و فیلم، کدگذاری براساس نوع و مکان وقوع فعالیت‌ها و تبدیل‌به نقشه‌کردن ازطریق شناسایی الگوهای رفتاری تکرارشونده توسط شمارش بسامد فعالیت‌ها، استفاده شد. 
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که هر دو میدان، تاحدی با ویژگی‌های عرصه‌های عمومی حضورپذیر، سرزنده و سورانگیز هم‌خوانی دارند؛ بااین‌حال، کیفیت بروز این ویژگی‌ها متفاوت است. میدان لِستر در بُعد سورانگیزی، به‌واسطۀ اجراهای هنری خیابانی خودانگیخته، ضرباهنگ‌هایی پویا و متنوع دارد؛ درحالی‌که اجراهای هنری خیابانی در میدان تایمز عمدتاً ماهیتی برنامه‌ریزی‌شده دارند که نشان‌دهندۀ ضرباهنگ‌هایی محدودتر و تحت کنترل‌تر در تجربۀ سورانگیزی آن است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

A Comparative Assessment of the Rhythms of Public Life in Leicester Square and Times Square

نویسندگان English

Saeid Yadollahi
Kamran Zekavat
Department of Regional and Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Problem statement: In studies related to the social context of public spaces, two distinct perspectives have been proposed: first, an approach emphasizing the similarity of recurring behavioral patterns in squares; and second, an approach that focuses on the complexity and unpredictability of public life, considering behavioral patterns as non-repetitive and context-dependent. 
Research objective: This research aims to integrate the aforementioned perspectives by, on the one hand, identifying dimensions and elements shaping the rhythms of public life (general behavioral patterns) and examining them in two iconic public spaces -Leicester Square and Times Square- and on the other hand, analyzing differences in the quality of manifestation of certain key activity patterns in these spaces.
Research method: The study employed a descriptive research method with a comparative approach. Initially, the components and factors influencing the rhythms of public life were identified descriptively. Subsequently, using a comparative approach, Leicester Square and Times Square were evaluated and compared. In this process, data were collected through library and documentary research, as well as photographic and film archives from media agencies. During the analysis phase, within the framework of qualitative methods, techniques such as tracking activities in photos and videos, coding based on the type and location of activities, and mapping -by identifying recurring behavioral patterns through activity frequency counts- were applied.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that both squares exhibit characteristics consistent with inviting, lively, and convivial public spaces; however, the quality of these characteristics differs. Leicester Square demonstrates dynamic and diverse rhythms in conviviality due to spontaneous street performances, whereas street performances in Times Square are predominantly planned, reflecting more controlled and limited rhythms in its convivial experience.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Invitingness
  • Vitality
  • Conviviality
  • Public life
  • Public space
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