The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar

Identification of Productivity-Oriented Architectural Characteristics of Heavy Industrial Complexes in Iran within the Framework of Industry 5.0 Based on Expert Consensus

https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2026.561097.5937
Volume 23, Issue 157
July 2026
Pages 47-58
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Farjad Bazghandi 1
Majid Salehinia 2
Abbas Jahanbakhsh 1
Hossein Samavatyan 3

1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Isfahan University of Art, Iran

2 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

3 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Isfahan, Iran

Abstract
Problem statement: The global transition to the fifth industrial wave has revealed the necessity of rethinking the architecture of industrial spaces. In this regard, productive architecture can, through the adaptation of spatial design to production processes, the enhancement of work environment quality, and the intelligent utilization of modern technologies, provide the grounds for increasing productivity in heavy industries. However, many heavy industrial complexes in Iran still face challenges such as physical obsolescence, a lack of coordination between spatial structure and production system, and weakness in adaptation to technological transformations.
Research objective: The present study was conducted to present a productive architectural design model in accordance with the requirements of the fifth industrial wave.
Research method: This study was carried out with a qualitative approach and by employing the two stage Delphi technique. In the first stage, initial indicators were extracted through a systematic review of research literature, and the proposed theoretical framework was formulated. In the second stage, the views of 23 experts in the fields of industrial architecture and productivity were collected, and through two phases of evaluation, the indicators were finalized based on the 80 percent consensus criterion.
Conclusion: Findings led to the identification of 19 key indicators in three main axes, including: 1) patterns of ownership and utilization of space, 2) technical, technological, and energy considerations, and 3) spatial planning and functional organization. Accordingly, the conceptual model of productive architecture for Iran’s heavy industries within the context of the fifth industrial wave was explained. The results of this research can provide a basis for designing and revitalizing industrial spaces in the country and can contribute to improving productivity, sustainability, and the quality of the work environment in heavy industries.

Keywords

Human-Centric Industry
Smart Process Automation
Workplace Spatial Quality
Delphi Method
Industrial Facility Design.
Subjects
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