The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar

Identifying Tectonic Components in the Architecture of Rural Houses in the Eastern Region of Gīlān

https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2025.503387.5755
Volume 22, Issue 147
September 2025
Pages 19-34
The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Javad Mortazavi
Maryam Armaghan
Jamaleddin Soheili

Department of Architecture, Qa.c., Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

Abstract
Problem statement: Tectonics in architecture contributes to maintaining a stable balance between natural capacities (e.g. topography, soil, hazards) and cultural-climatic requirements (e.g.vernacular materials, structural structures, and artistic expression). However, the accelerated development of urbanization and climate change in the eastern region of Gīlān have upset this long-term balance and caused two fundamental challenges: 1) Substitution of ecosystem-incompatible construction materials; 2) annihilation of architectural identity rooted in culture and climate. These challenges not only threaten structural sustainability but also accelerate the disconnection from traditional knowledge of human-nature symbiosis. Therefore, identifying the tectonic components that affect climatic adaptability and cultural authenticity is an essential step to reestablish this balance and protect the architectural heritage of the region.
Research objective: This research attempts to identify the tectonic components influencing the architecture of rural houses in eastern Gīlān and to examine how their interactions preserve the identity of local architecture. This study seeks to answer these questions: What are the tectonic components affecting the rural architecture of the eastern Gīlān region? What are the spatial relationships of the buildings to each other? And what materials are used in the rural space of this region?
Research method: The research is descriptive-analytical employing field data and literature review to analyze the buildings.
Conclusion: The research results show that physical and semantic components play a synergistic role in the architectural tectonics of houses in the eastern region of Gīlān. In terms of physical components, the extensive use of local materials such as wood, kahgel (a mixture of mud and straw), and stone has created structures that withstand moisture and climate change, which ensures both environmental sustainability and economic benefits. Architectural forms, including sloping roofs, insulated walls, and open spaces of verandas, have been designed to optimize environmental conditions facilitating natural ventilation, creating spatial harmony, and maintaining continuity with nature. Increasing efficiency in terms of semantic components, architectural forms, and details act as cultural and social symbols and strengthen local identity. 

Keywords

Architecture
Eastern Region of Gīlān
Rural Houses
Tectonics
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