Architectural Components Affecting the Formation of Collective Behavior in Ritual Spaces of Northern Iran (Case Study: Saqanfars of Babylon)

Volume 22, Issue 151
January 2026
Pages 25-34

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Iran

2 School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract
Problem statement: Ritual spaces, as physical and semantic contexts, play an important role in organizing the collective behavior of traditional societies. In northern Iran, Saqanfars, as a unique ritual architecture among the people of Mazandaran, are not only places for holding religious ceremonies, but also organize collective behaviors and social action patterns with their specific spatial characteristics. However, so far, the effect of the physical components of Saqanfars on the formation of collective behavior has been less studied.
Research objective: To identify and analyze the architectural components affecting the formation of collective behavior in Saqanfars of Babylon with a qualitative approach, in order to understand the role of indigenous ritual spaces in strengthening social interactions and collective identity.
Research method: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and a case study method. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 12 indigenous architects, custodians, and residents, participatory observation, and field recording. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using Brown and Clark’s thematic analysis method.
Conclusion: The findings showed that components such as open porches, wooden columns, external stairs, spatial hierarchies, and symbolic decorations of saqanfars play a decisive role in the formation of collective ritual behavior. By creating visibility and shared access, organizing movement paths, and evoking symbolic religious concepts, these elements help reproduce meaning and strengthen a sense of identity and collective belonging among participants. The results of the study can be used in the design of contemporary ritual spaces with a vernacular approach and improving the quality of collective experience.

Keywords

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