Evaluation of Traditional and Modern Approaches to Reinforcing Adobe Brick Against Environmental Factors

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Department of Iranian Architectural Studies&Architectural and Urban Heritage Conservation, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
Statement statement: Adobe buildings—among the oldest works and human-made structures—were once the primary shelters for people and, even today, still maintain their use in parts of the world. As one of the oldest construction materials, adobe has continuously been exposed to vulnerability against environmental factors such as moisture, rainfall, temperature fluctuations, and weathering. This issue, particularly in historic adobe structures, leads to gradual deterioration and a reduction in the structures’ durability. In this context, the need to protect these adobe ensembles—whose structural damage has already been exacerbated by natural and human factors—becomes evident.
Research objective:This research aims to introduce and evaluate traditional and modern strategies used to reinforce adobe brick against damaging environmental factors, including moisture.
Research method: The present study is descriptive-analytical. Data collection is conducted through documentary studies (library-based research).
Conclusion: The results indicate that although traditional methods remain important due to their compatibility with local climate, accessibility, and low cost, their effectiveness under harsh climatic conditions is limited. In contrast, modern technologies have been able to improve the durability of adobe more effectively, although high costs and incomplete compatibility with historical fabric are among their main challenges. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that combining traditional and modern approaches—and applying findings from research—shows that traditional methods such as adding straw and using straw-clay (kāhgāl) plaster, despite being simple, inexpensive, and environmentally compatible, have limited durability against moisture and severe conditions. Conversely, modern solutions based on chemical and nano-materials provide greater mechanical resistance and stability. Therefore, the best approach is to integrate these two categories of methods to achieve both durability and architectural authenticity.

Keywords

Subjects
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